Titan III and IV
Helena was the pioneer in mylar supported cellulose acetate and it is still widely used today. Below are the necessary materials for performing the assays. See Electrophoresis Supplies for information on the Titan IV Power Supply, Titan Gel Chamber and other supplies.
Titan III Hemoglobin
Titan III Hemoglobins
Electrophoresis is generally considered the best method for separating and identifying abnormal hemoglobins. Via a two-step process, blood samples are initially screened using alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis, followed by confirmation of abnormals by electrophoresis at an acid pH. Helena offers acetate, agar and agarose zone electrophoresis methods as well as a capillary electrophoresis assay. Titan III acetate offers a quick, easy and cost-effective manual method for hemoglobin screening.
See also:
Titan IV Citrate Hemoglobins – see below
SPIFE Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis methods.
QuickGel Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate and Supre-Heme Buffer for Hemoglobins
Cat. No. / Item / Description
3021 – Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate – 94 x 76 mm
3022 – Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate – 60 x 76 mm
5802 – Supre-Heme Buffer – 10 x 14.6 g
Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate membranes are for use in the alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis. Membranes are available in two sizes and packaged 25 per box. Supre-Heme Buffer is a Tris-EDTA-Boric Acid buffer used in the alkaline hemoglobin procedure.
For Titan IV Citrate Acid Hemoglobins, see Cat. No. 2400.
Hemolysate Reagents
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5125 – Hemolysate Reagent – 1 x 250 mL
5127 – Hemolysate Reagent w/o KCN – 1 x 250 mL
5128 – Hemolysate Reagent (Powder) – 1 x 1.8 g
This reagent hemolyzes red blood cells and stabilizes hemoglobin in one easy step. It eliminates many tedious, time-consuming steps in preparing hemolysates. The reagent contains 0.005 M EDTA with 0.07% potassium cyanide to assist in stabilizing the hemoglobin. The powdered reagent is dissolved in 1.0 liter deionized water.
Alkaline Hemoglobin Stain
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5526 – Ponceau S Stain – 1 x 105 g
Multi-purpose protein stain, especially useful for serum proteins and alkaline hemoglobins on cellulose acetate. Dissolve in 1000 mL deionized water.
Acetate Clearing Solutions
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5005 – Clear Aid – 1 x 250 mL
4950 – PermaClear – 1 x 1 L
Clear Aid: Clearing solution additive that prevents cellulose acetate from shrinking during the clearing step. Add this high molecular weight elastomer as directed in the cellulose acetate procedures for proteins and alkaline hemoglobins.
PermaClear: A substitute for the clearing solution prepared with Clear Aid. Dilute PermaClear with deionized water (55 mL PermaClear/45 mL water).
Hemoglobin Controls
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5328 – AA2 Hemo Control – 1 x 1 mL
5329 – ASA2 Hemo Control – 1 x 1 mL
5330 – AFSA2 Hemo Control – 1 x 1 mL
5331 – AFSC Hemo Control – 1 x 1 mL
Hemo Controls are stabilized liquids prepared from fresh-packed human red blood cells hemolyzed with Hemolysate Reagent. They are for qualitative and quantitative use in identification and quantitation of hemoglobins. AFSC Hemo Control is recommended for use with citrate agar.
IFU, SDS, and Educational Materials Links
Titan III Protein
Titan III Proteins
The key roles which serum proteins play in bodily functions and the relative ease of separating them by electrophoresis, makes their determination a valuable diagnostic tool as well as a way to monitor clinical progress. Titan III cellulose acetate allows manual separation of proteins into the classic 5-bands with Ponceau S for staining. Finished plates are stable in storage.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate and HR Buffer for Proteins
CAT. NO. / ITEM / DESCRIPTION
3023 – Titan III Cellulose Acetate – 60 x 76 mm
3024 – Titan III Cellulose Acetate – 94 x 76 mm
3013 – Titan III Cellulose Acetate – 76 x 25 mm
3033 – Titan III Cellulose Acetate – 76 x 76 mm
5805 – Electra HR Buffer – 10 x 18 g
Titan III Cellulose Acetate membranes are for use in separation and quantitation of serum proteins. Membranes are packaged 25 per box. Electra HR-Buffer is a tris-barbital/sodium barbital buffer for use in separating proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Serum Protein Stain
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5526 – Ponceau S Stain – 1 x 105 g
Multi-purpose protein stain, especially useful for serum proteins and alkaline hemoglobins on cellulose acetate. Dissolve in 1000 mL deionized water.
Acetate Clearing Solutions
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5005 – Clear Aid – 1 x 250 mL
4950 – PermaClear – 1 x 1 L
Clear Aid: Clearing solution additive that prevents cellulose acetate from shrinking during the clearing step. Add this high molecular weight elastomer as directed in the cellulose acetate procedures for proteins and alkaline hemoglobins.
PermaClear: A substitute for the clearing solution prepared with Clear Aid. Dilute PermaClear with deionized water (55 mL PermaClear/45 mL water).
Serum Protein Controls
Cat. No. / Item / Description
3424 – SPE Normal Control
3425 – SPE Abnormal Control
These lyophilized controls are prepared from pooled human serum and are for use with Titan III Cellulose Acetate as well as SPIFE SPE and Split-Beta SPE kits. Reconstituted controls are stable 5 days stored at 2 to 8°C. Each control is assayed for total protein, albumin, alpha1, alpha2, beta and gamma globulins.
IFU, SDS, and Educational Materials Links
Titan III Lipoprotein
Titan III Lipoproteins
Hyperlipidemia is symptomatic of a group of disorders dissimilar in clinical features, prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment. Lipoproteins can be separated on Titan III cellulose acetate into alpha, pre-beta, and beta lipoproteins and on occasion, chylomicrons to aid phenotyping and establishment of therapy.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate and HR Buffer For Lipoproteins
Cat. No. / Item / Description
3900 – Titan III Lipo Cellulose Acetate – 60 x 76 mm
5805 – Electra HR Buffer – 10 x 18 g
Titan III Lipo membranes are cellulose acetate support media used for lipoprotein phenotyping. Membranes are available in three sizes and are packaged 25 per box. Electra HR Buffer is a tris-barbital/sodium barbital buffer for use in the separation of lipoproteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Lipoprotein Stain
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5322 – Lipoprotein Stain – 1 x 2.8 g
Used in conjunction with Titan III Lipo cellulose acetate, this stain is consistently reproducible and testing easily performed. To use, dissolve powdered stain in 1.0 liter methanol.
Lipoprotein Control
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5069 – LipoTrol – 5 x 1 mL
LipoTrol fills the need for a reliable control for lipoprotein electrophoresis. It contains alpha, pre-beta, and beta lipoprotein bands with the relative percent of each band provided. LipoTrol is prepared from human serum and is for use with both the cellulose acetate and agarose systems. Reconstituted control is stable 3 days at 2 to 6°C.
IFU, SDS, and Educational Materials Links
Titan III Alkaline Phosphatase
Titan III Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human serum originates from several tissue sources with the greatest activity resulting from bone, liver, intestine and placenta. Because of the wide distribution, limited information can be obtained from a total ALP assay. Fortunately the tissue sources of elevated ALP in serum can be determined by identifying the isoenzyme. ALP isoenzymes differ in their physicochemical and electrophoretic properties, and by taking advantage of these differences, individual isoenzymes can be identified. In addition to liver, bone, intestinal and placental isoenzymes, Regan, PA, Nagao and renal isoenzymes have also been identified. Titan III Cellulose Acetate ALP Procedure Total Time: approximately 50 minutes.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate and HR Buffer For Alkaline Phosphatase
Cat. No. / Item / Description
3900 – Titan III Lipo Cellulose Acetate – 60 x 76 mm
5805 – Electra HR Buffer – 10 x 18 g
Titan III Lipo membranes are cellulose acetate support media used for ALP phenotyping. Membranes are available in three sizes and are packaged 25 per box. Electra HR Buffer is a tris-barbital/sodium barbital buffer for use in the separation of lipoproteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Alkaline Phosphatase Indoly Blue Reagents
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5102 – ALP Indolyl Blue Reagent – 10 x 3 mL Reagent – 1 x 30 mL Diluent
This reagent is for colorimetric development of ALP isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis. Results obtained with Indolyl blue are easily visualized and interpreted due to the uniform white background and bright intense bands.
Alkaline Phosphatase Indoly Blue Reagents
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5102 – ALP Indolyl Blue Reagent – 10 x 3 mL Reagent – 1 x 30 mL Diluent
This reagent is for colorimetric development of ALP isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis. Results obtained with Indolyl blue are easily visualized and interpreted due to the uniform white background and bright intense bands.
IFU, SDS, and Educational Materials Links
Titan IV
Hemoglobins and Immunoelectrohoresis
Titan IV Citrate Agar
Titan IV Citrate Hemoglobins
Electrophoresis is generally considered the best method for separating and identifying abnormal hemoglobins. Via a two-step process, blood samples are initially screened using alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis, followed by confirmation of abnormals by electrophoresis at an acid pH.
Helena hemoglobin procedures are widely used for hemoglobin screening programs. Many samples can be handled quickly, easily and cost-effectively. Interpretation is made by comparing the patient’s hemoglobin pattern to a control sample.
Citrate Agar Assay Time: approximately 55 minutes.
See also: Titan III Alkaline Hemoglobins – see above
SPIFE Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis methods
QuickGel Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Titan IV Citrate Agar and Citrate Buffer Hemoglobins
Cat. No. / Item / Description
2400 – Titan IV Citrate Agar – 5/pkg
5121 – Citrate Buffer – 10 x 15.5 g
The lower pH of the Titan IV Citrate Agar allows it to be used as a primary screening procedure for detection of HbS in newborns and as a confirmation of abnormal hemoglobins detected by alkaline electrophoresis. Up to 14 samples plus two controls can be run on each plate. Samples are easily applied with Zip Zone Applicator (Cat. No. 4080). Citrate Buffer is used as the chamber buffer for the citrate agar procedure.
Hemolysate Reagents
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5125 – Hemolysate Reagent – 1 x 250 mL
5127 – Hemolysate Reagent w/o KCN – 1 x 250 mL
5128 – Hemolysate Reagent (Powder) – 1 x 1.8 g
This reagent hemolyzes red blood cells and stabilizes hemoglobin in one easy step. It eliminates many tedious, time-consuming steps in preparing hemolysates. The reagent contains 0.005 M EDTA with 0.07% potassium cyanide to assist in stabilizing the hemoglobin. The powdered reagent is dissolved in 1.0 liter deionized water.
Hemoglobin Specific Stains
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5036 – o-Dianisidine – 1 x 2 g
5041 – o-Tolidine – 1 x 2 g
o-Dianisidine is a sensitive, hemoglobin-specific stain used for staining hemoglobins separated on Titan IV Citrate Agar. An alternate stain for use with Titan IV Citrate Agar, o-Tolidine yields blue-colored hemoglobin bands. Both stains are powders that are dissolved in 1.0 liter methanol for use.
Hemoglobin Controls
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5331 – AFSC Hemo Control – 1 x 1 mL
AFSC Hemo Control is stabilized liquid prepared from fresh-packed human red blood cells hemolyzed with Hemolysate Reagent. It is for qualitative and quantitative use in identification and quantitation of hemoglobins.
IFU, SDS, and Educational Materials Links
Titan IV IEPlates
Titan IV IEP and Double Diffusion
EP is a reliable and accurate method for routine serum and urine protein evaluations, detecting both structural abnormalities and concentration changes. It has been widely used in identification of monoclonal gammopathies.
Helena offers both thick Titan IV agar and thin TITAN GEL IEP agarose for performing immunoelectrophoresis. The thick agarose, on a rigid plastic backing for ease of handling, requires a larger volume of antisera and patient samples, and forms a dense precipitin arc easily interpreted and photographed without staining the gel. Double Diffusion agar gels for determining antisera titer and purity and gel trays are also available.
See also: TITAL GEL Immunoelectrophoresis
Titan IV IEPlates and Electra B1 Buffer
Cat. No. / Item / Description
9050 – Titan IV IEPlates – 8 wells, 7 troughs, 5 gels/pkg
9061 – Titan IV IEPlates – 7 wells, 6 troughs, 5 gels/pkg
5016 – Electra B1 Buffer – 10 x 13.1g
Titan IV IEPlates are a thick agarose gel on a rigid plastic support. Each gel has a plastic lid and a reusable plastic pouch. Results may be interpreted without staining.
Cat. No. 9050 (see picture) has 8 wells and 7 troughs. Gels require 4 mL of sample and 75 mL of antisera. The well position is 17 mm from the cathode end of the trough. The recommended migration distance is 40 mm.
Cat. No. 9061 has 7 wells and 6 troughs. Gels require 4 mL of sample and 150 mL of antisera. The well position is 23 mm from the cathode end of the trough. The recommended migration distance is 20 mm. Precipitin arcs on this gel are slightly shorter and broader than those obtained with Cat. No. 9050.
TITAN Gel IEP Antisera
Cat. No. / Item / Description
9231 – Antisera to Human IgA, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9232 – Antisera to Human IgG, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9233 – Antisera to Human Whole Serum – 1 x 2 mL
9234 – Antisera to Human IgM, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9236 – Antisera to Human (IgG, A, M) Trivalent, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9249 – Antisera to Human IgD, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9250 – Antisera to Human IgE, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9251 – Antisera to Human (IgG, A, M, D, E) Pentavalent, Heavy Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9257 – Antisera to Human Lambda, LIght Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
9262 – Antisera to Human Kappa, Light Chain Specific – 1 x 2 mL
Helena’s antisera are produced in goats or sheep.
IEP Normal Human Serum Control and Albumin Marker
Cat. No. / Item / Description
9010 – Normal Human Serum Control – 1 x 2 mL
9011 – Albumin Marker – 1 x 2 mL
The control is a stabilized liquid prepared from pooled normal human serum for use as a normal control serum for immunoelectrophoresis procedures. Albumin Marker is bromphenol blue which binds to albumin. The marker is added to the Normal Human Serum Control so the control can be used as a migration marker in immunoelectrophoresis procedures.
Double Diffusion Plates
Cat. No. / Item / Description
9009 – Double Diffusion Plates – 10 gels/pkg
Gels contain 15 wells in three, 5-well configurations. Useful in determining antisera titer, antigen/antibody ratio, checking purity of antigen preparations, etc.
Gel Trays
Cat. No. / Item / Description
5009 – Gel Trays, 76 x 102 mm – 20/pkg
5010 – Gel Trays, 25 x 76 mm – 20/pkg
The 76 x 102 mm (3″ x 4″) gel tray is designed to be filled with 12.5 mL of liquid agarose.
The 25 x 76 mm (1″ x 3″) trays require a 2.9 mL volume.