TITAN III Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes
TITAN III Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human serum originates from several tissue sources with the greatest activity resulting from bone, liver, intestine and placenta. Because of the wide distribution, limited information can be obtained from a total ALP assay. Fortunately the tissue sources of elevated ALP in serum can be determined by identifying the isoenzyme. ALP isoenzymes differ in their physicochemical and electrophoretic properties, and by taking advantage of these differences, individual isoenzymes can be identified. In addition to liver, bone, intestinal and placental isoenzymes, Regan, PA, Nagao and renal isoenzymes have also been identified.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate ALP Procedure Total Time: approximately 50 minutes.
See also: SPIFE Alkaline Phosphatase Assay
Alkaline Phosphatase Indolyl Blue Reagents
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5102 | ALP Indolyl Blue Reagent |
| 10 x 3 mL Reagent | |
| 1 x 30 mL Diluent |
This reagent is for colorimetric development of ALP isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis. Results obtained with Indolyl blue are easily visualized and interpreted due to the uniform white background and bright intense bands. It can be used instead of the traditional reagents listed below.
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme Control
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5139 | ALP Isoenzyme Control, 1 x 1 mL |
The control contains liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. It is prepared from tissue homogenates and is for qualitative and quantitative use with the Titan III cellulose acetate system. The control is a stabilized liquid.
Alkaline & Citrate Agar Hemoglobins
Titan® III and Titan IV® Hemoglobins
Cellulose Acetate and Citrate Agar
Numerous hemoglobin variants, many capable of producing severe hemolytic anemia and even death, have been identified. This has led to widespread implementation of neonatal screening programs. Counseling of individuals or marital partners, regarding the risk of having children with abnormal hemoglobins, is also common. Early detection of certain abnormal hemoglobins can alert parents to possible problems before onset of symptoms and allow physicians to better manage patients with hemoglobin variants.
Electrophoresis is generally considered the best method for separating and identifying abnormal hemoglobins. Via a two-step process, blood samples are initially screened using
alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis, followed by confirmation of abnormals
by electrophoresis at an acid pH.
Helena hemoglobin procedures are widely used for hemoglobin screening programs. Many samples can be handled quickly, easily and cost-effectively. Interpretation is made by comparing the patient's hemoglobin pattern to a control sample.
Cellulose Acetate Assay Time: approximately 40 minutes.
Citrate Agar Assay Time: approximately 55 minutes.
See also:
SPIFE Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis methods.
QuickGel Alkaline and Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis .
Hemoglobin Controls
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5328 | AA2 Hemo Control, 1 x 1 mL |
| 5329 | ASA2 Hemo Control, 1 x 1 mL |
| 5330 | AFSA2 Hemo Control, 1 x 1 mL |
| 5331 | AFSC Hemo Control, 1 x 1 mL |
Hemo Controls are stabilized liquids prepared from fresh-packed human red blood cells hemolyzed with Hemolysate Reagent. They are for qualitative and quantitative use in identification and quantitation of hemoglobins. AFSC Hemo Control is recommended for use with citrate agar.
Hemolysate Reagents
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5125 | Hemolysate Reagent, 1 x 250 mL |
| 5127 | Hemolysate Reagent w/o KCN, 1 x 250 mL |
| 5128 | Hemolysate Reagent (Powder), 1 x 1.8 g |
This reagent hemolyzes red blood cells and stabilizes hemoglobin in one easy step. It eliminates many tedious, time-consuming steps in preparing hemolysates. The reagent contains 0.005 M EDTA with 0.07% potassium cyanide to assist in stabilizing the hemoglobin. The powdered reagent is dissolved in 1.0 liter deionized water.
Titan IV Citrate Agar and Citrate Buffer for Hemoglobins
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 2400 | Titan IV Citrate Agar, 5/pkg |
| 5121 | Citrate Buffer, 10 x 15.5 g |
The lower pH of the Titan IV Citrate Agar allows it to be used as a primary screening procedure for detection of HbS in newborns and as a confirmation of abnormal hemoglobins detected by alkaline electrophoresis. Up to 14 samples plus two controls can be run on each plate. Samples are easily applied with Zip Zone Applicator (Cat. No. 4080). Citrate Buffer is used as the chamber buffer for the citrate agar procedure.
Hemoglobin-Specific Stains
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5036 | o-Dianisidine, 1 x 2 g |
| 5041 | o-Tolidine, 1 x 2 g |
o-Dianisidine is a sensitive, hemoglobin-specific stain used for staining hemoglobins separated on Titan IV Citrate Agar. An alternate stain for use with Titan IV Citrate Agar, o-Tolidine yields blue-colored hemoglobin bands. Both stains are powders that are dissolved in 1.0 liter methanol for use.
Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate and Supre-Heme Buffer for Hemoglobins
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 3021 | Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate, 94 x 76 mm |
| 3022 | Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate, 60- x 76 mm |
| 5802 | Supre-Heme Buffer, 10 x 14.6 g |
Titan III-H Cellulose Acetate membranes are for use in the alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis. Membranes are available in two sizes and packaged 25 per box. Supre-Heme Buffer is a Tris-EDTA-Boric Acid buffer used in the alkaline hemoglobin procedure.
Complete the Cellulose Acetate and Citrate Agar Hemoglobin Procedures with these supplies: Ponceau S Stain (Cat. No. 5526), Clear Aid (Cat. No. 5005), and Titan IV Aligning Base (Cat. No. 4083).
Hemoglobin F by RID
Hemoglobin F Immunodiffusion Kit
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 9325 | HbF QUIPlate Kit, 3 x 16 wells |
The HbF QUIPlate Kit is for quantitation of Hemoglobin F by radial immunodiffusion. RID is much simpler and requires much less hands-on time than cumbersome alkali denaturation methods, which are also unreliable at low levels of HbF. The reference standards provided with the kit ensure accurate and precise quantitation from 0.5% to 10% HbF and are prepared from lyophilized hemoglobin. Samples with >10% HbF should be diluted with HbF Diluent. The crisp, well-defined precipitin rings can be read at 24 hours. Kit contains three 16-well plates, plus standards and graph paper for preparing a standard curve.
HbF QUIPlate Control and Diluent
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 9340 | HbF QUIPlate Control, 1 x 0.2 mL |
| 9341 | HbF QUIPlate Diluent, 1 x 2.0 mL |
HbF Control is a stabilized liquid prepared from human cord blood. It is used to verify plate/curve stability, allowing re-use of the standard curve for up to 28 days. HbF Diluent is prepared from purified human hemoglobin, providing a diluent completely free of HbF for diluting patient samples with >10% HbF.
Complete the QUIPlate procedure with: Dialamatic 1-10 mL Microdispenser (Cat. No. 6210).
Lipoproteins
Titan III Lipoproteins
Hyperlipidemia is symptomatic of a group of disorders dissimilar
in clinical features, prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment.
Since treatment of hyperlipidemia varies with the different phenotypes,
it is absolutely necessary that the correct phenotype be established
before therapy is begun.
When subjected to electrophoresis, lipoproteins
separate into alpha, pre-beta, and beta lipoproteins and on occasion,
chylomicrons appear as a distinct band. Most cholesterol is transported
by the beta lipoproteins and most endogenous triglyceride is
carried by pre-beta lipoproteins.
Lipoprotein
Assay Time: approximately 50 minutes.
See also: SPIFE Lipoproteins
Lipoprotein Stain
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5322 | Lipoprotein Stain, 1 x 2.8 g |
Used in conjunction with Titan III Lipo cellulose acetate, this stain is consistently reproducible and testing easily performed. To use, dissolve powdered stain in 1.0 liter methanol.
Lipoprotein Control
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 5069 | LipoTrol, 5 x 1 mL |
LipoTrol fills the need for a reliable control for lipoprotein electrophoresis. It contains alpha, pre-beta, and beta lipoprotein bands with the relative percent of each band provided. LipoTrol is prepared from human serum and is for use with both the cellulose acetate and agarose systems. Reconstituted control is stable 3 days at 2 to 6°C.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate and HR Buffer for Lipoproteins
| Cat. No. | Item | |
| 3900 | Titan III Lipo Cellulose Acetate, 60 x 76 mm | |
| 5805 | Electra HR Buffer, 10/pkg |
Titan III Lipo membranes are cellulose acetate support media used for lipoprotein phenotyping. Membranes are available in three sizes and are packaged 25 per box. Electra HR Buffer is a tris-barbital/sodium barbital buffer for use in the separation of lipoproteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Proteins
Titan III Protein Electrophoresis
Serum proteins perform a great many physiologic functions. They serve as transport molecules, help maintain osmotic balance and serve as enzymes, complement components, protease inhibitors, or kinen precursors. The key roles which serum proteins play in bodily functions and the relative ease of separating them by electrophoresis, makes their determination a valuable diagnostic tool as well as a way to monitor clinical progress. There is no other single procedure, or even group of procedures, capable of detecting so broad a spectrum of disease states or as indicative of the degree of health as serum protein electrophoresis.
Protein Electrophoresis Assay Time: approximately 40 minutes.
See also:
SPIFE Protein Electrophoresis
QuickGel Protein Electrophoresis
Titan III Cellulose Acetate and HR Buffer for Proteins
| Cat. No. | Item |
| 3023 | Titan III Cellulose Acetate, 60 x 76 mm |
| 3024 | Titan III Cellulose Acetate, 94 x 76 mm |
Titan III Cellulose Acetate membranes
are for use in separation and quantitation of serum proteins.
Membranes are packaged 25 per box. Electra HR Buffer is
a tris-barbital/sodium barbital buffer for use in separating
proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Complete your Protein Electrophoresis Procedures with these supplies: Ponceau S (Cat. No. 5526), Clear Aid (Cat. No. 5005), and PermaClear (Cat. No. 4950).
Titan III Acetate Membranes
Titan III Cellulose Acetate Membranes
Titan III Cellulose Acetate is used for all types of electrophoresis, from routine clinical separations to research procedures. The resolution of Titan III surpasses the resolution of other cellulose acetates due to its hyper-gel structure which both lubricates the pore openings and depresses the buffer movement. Consequently, diffusion is reduced, fractions are separated faster, and resolution is improved. Titan III has been optimized for specific electrophoresis assays. You should use the type of Titan III which is designed for the electrophoresis assay you are performing.
Titan III Cellulose Acetate Membranes
| Plate Type | Cat. No. | Size | Package |
| Titan III | 3013 | 76 x 25 mm | 25/box |
| See Serum Proteins | 3023 | 60 x 76 mm | 25/box |
| 3024 | 94 x 76 mm | 25/box | |
| 3033 | 76 x 76 mm | 100/box | |
| Titan III-H | 3021 | 94 x 76 mm | 25/box |
| See Hemoglobins | 3022 | 60 x 76 mm | 25/box |
| Titan III Lipo | 3900 | 60 x 76 mm | 25/box |